Peter the Venerable

Peter the Venerable
(c. 1092–1156)
   Monastic Reformer and Devotional Writer.
   Peter was born in the Auvergne, France, and, at the age of seventeen, he joined the congregation at Cluny under hugh of Cluny. In 1122 he was elected Abbot of the whole community (which included two thousand dependent houses). He introduced several important reforms and his emphasis on intellectual work brought him into conflict with bernard of clairvaux, who believed that monastic life should be dedicated only to prayer and manual labour. He took a full part in the ecclesiastical affairs of his time, supporting Pope Innocent II against Antipope Anacletus II and providing a refuge for Peter abelard. The author of several devotional works, he combated the heresy of peter of bruys and wrote against the Jews and the Muslims. He also was the first to have the Koran translated into Latin. Much respected in his day, he was given the title ‘Venerable’ both by Bernard and by Frederick Barbarossa.
   M.D. Knowles, ‘Peter the Venerable’, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, xxxix (1957);
   M.D. Knowles, Cistercians and Cluniacs: The Controversy between St Bernard and Peter the Venerable (1963);
   J. Kritzeck, Peter the Venerable and Islam (1964).

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